Heiner Rindermann, David Becker & Thomas R. Coyle (2016)
Abstract
Following Snyderman and Rothman (1987, 1988), we surveyed expert opinions on the
current state of intelligence research. This report examines expert opinions on causes of
international differences in student assessment and psychometric IQ test results. Experts
were surveyed about the importance of culture, genes, education (quantity and quality),
wealth, health, geography, climate, politics, modernization, sampling error, test
knowledge, discrimination, test bias, and migration. The importance of these factors
was evaluated for diverse countries, regions, and groups including Finland, East Asia,
Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Europe, the Arabian-Muslim world, Latin America,
Israel, Jews in the West, Roma (gypsies), and Muslim immigrants. Education was rated
by N=71 experts as the most important cause of international ability differences. Genes
were rated as the second most relevant factor but also had the highest variability in
ratings. Culture, health, wealth, modernization, and politics were the next most
important factors, whereas other factors such as geography, climate, test bias, and
sampling error were less important. The paper concludes with a discussion of limitations of the survey (e.g., response rates and validity of expert opinions).
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