Sonntag, 10. November 2019

Motivation to control:


"The basic thesis is that the brain and mind has evolved to attend to and process the forms of information that covaried with survival and reproductive prospects during the species’ evolutionary history. These systems bias implicit decision making processes and behavioral responses in ways that allow the organism to attempt to achieve access to and control of these resources (see Gigerenzer, Todd, & and ABC Research Group, 1999). Although not typically presented in an evolutionary context, the proposal fits well with the consensus among psychologists that humans have a basic motivation to achieve some level of control over relationships, events, and resources that of significance in their life (Fiske, 1993; Heckhausen & Schulz, 1995; Shapiro, Schwartz, & Astin, 1996; Taylor & Brown, 1988; Thompson, Armstrong, & Thomas, 1998). The proposal here and elsewhere is that the human motivation to control is an evolved disposition and is implicitly focused on attempts to control social relationships and the behavior of other people, and to control the biological and physical resources that covary with survival and reproductive prospects in the local ecology (Geary, 1998, 2005)."

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"In most contexts and for most people, the motivation to control is constrained by formal laws, informal cultural customs, and by psychological mechanisms (e.g., guilt) that promote social compromise and reciprocal social relationships (Barkow, 1992; Baron, 1997; Trivers, 1971)"

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"Nevertheless, consideration of history’s despots allows for a clear assessment of the benefits of resource control. These individuals have considerable social power and their behavior is not typically constrained by psychological (e.g., guilt) or social consequences. "

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"gaining some level of control over the activities of daily life, important social relationships, and material resources affords many of the same benefits, but on a smaller scale, as those enjoyed by despots."

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"The level of actual resources is important but, in addition, one’s position in the social hierarchy influences and is influenced by physical health, lifespan, and psychological functioning (e.g., self esteem)."

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