Wissenschaft ...

... als disziplinierter gedanklicher Zugriff auf Phänomene dieser Welt;

... als diszipliniertes gedankliches Erfassen von Phänomenen dieser Welt;

Das sinnvolle Maß an Spannung:

Leben bedeutet letztlich auch, nach einem sinnvollen Verhältnis zwischen anspannungsreichen und spannungsfreien bzw. spannungsarmen Zeiten zu suchen.

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Spannunsfreie Zeiten:

Z.B. Zeiten, in denen Tagträumen stattfinden kann;

Vorausschauen:

Ein gedankliches Ertasten möglicher künftiger Ereignisse;

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Analog hierzu - Rückblicken:

Ein gedankliches Ertasten vergangener Ereignisse;

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Im Gegensatz zu anderen Tieren können wir gedanklich weit in die Zukunft und in die Vergangenheit greifen.

Intelligenzhöhe:

Salopp:

Der Wirksamkeitsgrad des gedanklichen Tastens;

Ursprünge des sprachlichen Denkens:

interessantes Thema;

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Die Begabung zu sprachlichen Überlegungen / zum stillen Selbstgespräch als etwas, das den Menschen wesentlich von anderen Lebewesen unterscheidet.

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Stille "Selbstgespräche" / verbale Gedankengänge als maximal private Überlegungen;

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Denkbereiche über die selten gesprochen wird versus Denkbereiche über die häufig oder regelmäßig gesprochen wird;

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Wie weit, bei einer bestimmten Person, verbale Gedankengänge in die Zukunft hineinreichen / hineingreifen; wie weit Vorausschau und Rückschau bei "Selbstgesprächen" greifen;

On Goals and Targets:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2017/12/on-goals-and-targets.html

Faulheit, Behäbigkeit, Bequemlichkeit:

https://allesevolution.wordpress.com/2019/12/30/faulheit-behaebigkeit-und-bequemlichkeit-als-menschliche-eigenschaften/

"[Es spart] erst einmal Energie [,] wenn man sich in den Zuständen einrichtet und wenn man den für einen selbst bequemen Weg geht."

"Diesen Eigenschaften [gegenüber] steht der Wunsch einen hohen Status zu erlangen, erfolgreich zu sein oder auch anderweitig eine hohe Position zu erreichen."

"Hier geht es dann darum, den sogenannten inneren Schweinehund zu überwinden und sich aufzuraffen für ein abstraktes Ziel, das man so vielleicht nicht so direkt vor Augen hat wie bei kurzfristigen Zielen."

"Umso ungreifbarer das Ziel, umso weiter entfernt es ist, umso weniger es bezüglich der Umsetzbarkeit für einen ohne weiteres erreichbar ist, und auch umso eher es nicht einen direkten Vorteil bringt, sondern allenfalls einen indirekten, umso schwerer ist auch der Kampf gegen den inneren Schweinehund. In einer Jäger und Sammler Gesellschaft war eben das Erreichen langfristiger abstrakter Ziele wesentlich weniger bedeutsam, so dass es unserer Denkweise nicht so gut entspricht und es daher Kraft fordert, solche Ziele umzusetzen."

Work versus Labor:

Lewis Hyde:

"Work is an intended activity that is accomplished through the will. A labor can be intended but only to the extent of doing the groundwork, or of not doing things that would clearly prevent the labor. Beyond that, labor has its own schedule. Things get done, but we often have the odd sense that we didn't do them. Paul Goodman wrote in a journal once, 'I have recently written a few good poems. But I have no feeling that I wrote them.' That is the declaration of a laborer. ... And labor, because it sets its own pace, is usually accomplished by idleness, leisure, even sleep."

Gute Dinge:

"we tend not to assign comparative values to those things to which we are emotionally connected."

Lewis Hyde

"Charity is dangerous in the underworld":

"In ancient tales the hero who must pass through hell is warned that charity is dangerous in the underworld; if he wishes to return to the land of the living, he should lend a hand to no one, nor accept the food offered by the dead."

Lewis Hyde

Konstruktiver Hass:

Z.B. ein Hass, der Verlogenheit angreift;

Manipulatives Verhalten:

Z.B. "zuckersüßes" Verhalten;

Forschung:

https://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2019/03/forschung_7.html

Erlebnisunfähigkeit:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2019/02/erlebnisunfahigkeit.html

Werterleben:

Das Erlebnis von wertvollen / gemütlichen Stunden;

Menschen:

Planende / vorausschauende Lebewesen;

[siehe auch]

Love Bombing:

Cosmopolitan:

"Love bombing is the practice of showering a person with excessive affection and attention in order to gain control or significantly influence their behavior. The love bomber's attention might feel good, but the motive is all about manipulation. What separates love bombing from just regular honeymoon feelings is an abrupt switch—one moment they may be totally idealizing their partner, and the next, they'll cut them down to size in an effort to control them."

" 'Love bombing is largely an unconscious behavior,' Kaplan says. 'It’s about really getting the other person.' "

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Salopp: Exzessives Loben gehört sich nicht, da exzessivem Lob der Beigeschmack des Manipulativem anhaftet.

Striatalisierung:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2018/06/striatalisierung.html

Gaslighting:

Wikipedia:

"Als Gaslighting (Kompositum aus englisch gas und lighting, deutsch: ‚Gasbeleuchtung‘) wird in der Psychologie eine Form von psychischer Gewalt bzw. Missbrauch bezeichnet, mit der Opfer gezielt desorientiert, manipuliert und zutiefst verunsichert werden und ihr Realitäts- und Selbstbewusstsein allmählich deformiert bzw. zerstört wird."

"Beim Opfer wird von einer oder mehreren Personen über einen langen Zeitraum wiederholt, aber nicht permanent, dessen Wahrnehmung der Realität in Frage gestellt. Das kann durch Verleugnung von real existierenden Dingen, Verhaltensweisen oder Ereignissen geschehen, seltener auch durch eine bewusste Inszenierung derselben. Dabei ist eine Grundvoraussetzung, dass sich Täter und Opfer in einem Vertrauensverhältnis befinden, also dass das Opfer dem Täter und seinen manipulierenden Aussagen vertraut. Mit der Zeit beginnen die Opfer, an ihrem Gedächtnis, ihrer Wahrnehmung und an ihrem Verstand zu zweifeln. Einen Grund, die manipulativen Aussagen durch einen Dritten überprüfen zu lassen, gibt es nicht, weil das Opfer dem Täter ja vertraut."

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Probleme entstehen, wenn eine Person ein Vertrauensverhältnis mit einem "Psychopathen" eingeht, d.h. mit einer Person, die im Lügen, Täuschen und Manipulieren extrem geübt ist.

Persönlichkeitsstörungen:

Peter Fiedler:

"Die Diagnose >Persönlichkeitsstörungen< sollte vernünftigerweise ... erst erwogen werden, wenn zwischenmenschliche Beziehungskonflikte zu weit extremisieren, dass die private und berufliche Leistungsfähigkeit oder die Lebensqualität des Betroffenen und / oder ihrer Bezugspersonen erheblich beeinträchtigt ist."

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"Persönlichkeitsstörungen sind komplexe Störungen des zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungsverhaltens."

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"Das Phänomen, dass die den Persönlichkeitsstörungen zugeschriebene Devianzmuster aus der Eigenperspektive zunächst eher selten als störend, abweichend oder normverletzend erlebt werden und dass sie deshalb als solche bei sich selbst nur schwer als Persönlichkeitsstörungen diagnostizierbar sind, bezeichnet man als >Ich-Syntonie< der Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Ganz im Unterschied dazu werden die meisten anderen psychischen Störungen und Syndrome (wie beispielsweise die phobischen oder affektiv-depressiven Störungen) als >ich-dyston< erlebt, eben als nicht zu sich gehörig, weshalb sich die Betroffenen von diesen Störungen gern wieder frei machen würden."

Blickwinkel:

(A) Die Bemühung, einen Menschen so zu sehen, wie er ist.

(B) Die Bemühung, einen Menschen so zu sehen, wie man ihn sehen möchte.

Extraversion but not Depression Predicts Implicit Reward Sensitivity

Extraversion but not Depression Predicts Implicit Reward Sensitivity: Revisiting the Measurement of Anhedonic Phenotypes

Scott D. Blain, Tyler A. Sassenberg, Muchen Xi, Daiqing Zhao, & Colin G. DeYoung

Abstract

Recently, increasing efforts have been made to define and measure dimensional phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders. One example is an implicit reward learning task developed by Pizzagalli et al. (2005) to assess anhedonia, by measuring participants’ responses to a differential reinforcement schedule. This task has been used in many studies, which have connected blunted reward response in the task to depressive symptoms, across clinical groups and in the general population. The current study attempted to replicate these findings in a large community sample and also investigated possible associations with Extraversion, a personality trait linked theoretically and empirically to reward sensitivity. Participants (N = 299) completed the reward-learning task, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory, Personality Inventory for the DSM-5, Big Five Inventory, and Big Five Aspect Scales. Our direct replication attempts used bivariate analyses of observed variables and ANOVA models. Followup and extension analyses used structural equation models to assess relations among latent reward sensitivity, depression, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. No significant associations were found between reward sensitivity (i.e., response bias) and depression, thus failing to replicate previous findings. Response bias and change in response bias showed significant positive associations with Extraversion, but not with Neuroticism. Findings suggest reward sensitivity as measured by this implicit reward learning task may be related primarily to Extraversion and its pathological manifestations, rather than to depression per se, consistent with existing models that conceptualize depressive symptoms as combining features of Neuroticism and low Extraversion.

Intergroup aggression in meerkats

Intergroup aggression in meerkats

Mark Dyble, Thomas M. Houslay, Marta B. Manser and Tim Clutton-Brock

Abstract

Violent conflicts between groups have been observed among many species of group living mammals and can have important fitness consequences, with individuals being injured or killed and with losing groups surrendering territory. Here, we explore between-group conflict among meerkats (Suricata suricatta), a highly social and cooperatively breeding mongoose. We show that interactions between meerkat groups are frequently aggressive and sometimes escalate to fighting and lethal violence and that these interactions have consequences for group territories, with losing groups moving to sleeping burrows closer to the centre of their territories following an intergroup interaction and with winning groups moving further away. We find that larger groups and groups with pups are significantly more likely to win contests, but that the location of the contest, adult sex ratio, and mean within-group genetic relatedness do not predict contest outcome. Our results suggest that intergroup competition may be a major selective force among meerkats, reinforcing the success of large groups and increasing the vulnerability of small groups to extinction. The presence of both within-group cooperation and between-group hostility in meerkats make them a valuable point of comparison in attempts to understand the ecological and evolutionary roots of human warfare.

Temporal Junctures in the Mind

Temporal Junctures in the Mind
Jonathan Redshaw, Thomas Suddendorf

Highlights

Many recent studies have examined the development, evolution, dysfunctions, and neurocognitive mechanisms of the capacity to consider events from alternative timelines.

Children begin to consistently prepare for alternative versions of immediate future events around 4 years of age, but do not accurately consider alternative versions of past events and present situations until around 6 years of age.

There is no compelling evidence that non-human animals consider and compare events from alternative timelines, although interpretations of some results remain contentious.

Representing alternative versions of the future enables humans to form contingency plans and otherwise compensate for their inability to perfectly predict future outcomes.

Representing alternative versions of the past enables humans to learn associations not only between actual behaviours and outcomes, but also counterfactual behaviours and outcomes.

Abstract

Humans can imagine what happened in the past and what will happen in the future, but also what did not happen and what might happen. We reflect on envisioned events from alternative timelines, while knowing that we only ever live on one timeline. Considering alternative timelines rests on representations of temporal junctures, or points in time at which possible versions of reality diverge. These representations become increasingly sophisticated over childhood, first enabling preparation for mutually exclusive future possibilities and later the experience of counterfactual emotions like regret. By contrast, it remains unclear whether non-human animals represent temporal junctures at all. The emergence of these representations may have been a prime mover in human evolution.

Frohe Weihnachten!

Ich wünsche allen Lesern dieses Blogs ein besonders schönes, fröhliches und gemütliches Weihnachten!

Merry Christmas to all readers of this blog!

Verzicht:

"Er beschloss, nach einem Sturz, nach einem misslungenen Flugversuch, das Fliegen zu lassen."

Daydreaming:

Edgar Allen Poe:

"They who dream by day are cognizant of many things which escape those who dream only by night."

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Dem Tagträumen erschließen sich manche Aspekte dieser Welt.

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Mythen: 'Tagträume', die manche Aspekte dieser Welt erfassten;

Idealismus:

High-Mindedness als Grundlage echter Leistungen ersten Ranges;

[Siehe auch: high-minded]

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Der enge, nüchterne Blick / das enge, nüchterne Dasein als Gegenspieler des gehobenen Lebens;

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Hochkultur: Wenn Lebensweise, wenn Kunst, Architektur und Philosophie, "High-Mindedness" / Gehobenheit, Idealismus, Hochgesinntheit spiegeln;

Hedonism:

"down-to-earth hedonism"

[See also: High-minded]

High-minded:

"having very high moral standards of behaviour"

"marked by elevated principles and feelings"

"elevated ideals or conduct; the quality of believing that ideals should be pursued"

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Synonyms for high-minded:

chivalrous, elevated, gallant, great, greathearted, high, lordly, magnanimous, noble, sublime;

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Idealism:

"Idealism, as 'noble-mindedness,' is the belief that we should always strive for our highest ideals."

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Noble-minded:

"of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style"

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[See also: Elevation and Idealistic Attitudes]

Making Sense of the British System of Social Class:

Occupational Distribution of Men and Women in US Labor Force:

Via Steve Stewart-Williams / Reddit:

Creative Minorities & High Culture:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2014/08/smart-fractionscreative-minorities-high.html

Art:

Seth Godin, Linchpin:

"Artists write down what the daemon says. In Elizabeth's words, 'I showed up for my part of the job.' The daemon is the artist inside of you; your work is just to allow it to do its thing."

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Salopp: Die eigentlich generativen Vorgänge ereignen sich außerhalb der bewussten Ebene.

Gemütliche Stunden:

Stunden, in denen der Mensch sein eigenes Wesen erfährt;

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Analog hierzu, der Gedanke, dass beim Musikhören nicht die Erfahrung von Tönen, sondern Selbsterfahrung im Mittelpunkt steht.

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(A) die Erfahrung der Dinge selbst;

(B) die Erfahrung des Widerhalls, den Dinge wecken;

Aufdeckung von Unbekanntem:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2019/11/aufdeckung-von-unbekanntem.html

Punishments and Threats:

"From the cybernetic perspective, punishments are any stimuli that signal definite inability to attain a goal, whereas threats, or cues of punishment, signal a decrease in the probability of attaining a goal."

Colin DeYoung

Interessante Forschungsarbeit:

Wenn dir Zeit zur Verfügung stünde, die Artikel genau einer Person gründlich zu lesen, für welche Person/Artikel würdest du dich entscheiden?

In meinem Fall würde ich mich wohl für die Artikel von Colin DeYoung entscheiden.

Partnerwahl:

Es findet sich etwas in einem das wählt: Das Auskunft darüber gibt, wie viel Widerhall und welchen Widerhall eine andere Person weckt.

Krise:

~ Unter starker, immer zunehmender Kraftanstrengung, wird das bisherige Selbst- und Weltbild aufrecht erhalten, bis schließlich ein Reboot notwendig wird.

Retrieval practice as a study strategy:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2017/04/retrieval-practice-as-study-strategy.html

Flow / Creative Risk-Taking:

Daniel Levitin:

"During flow, two key regions of the brain deactivate: the portion of the prefrontal cortex responsible for self-criticism, and the amygdala, the brain's fear center. This is why creative artists often report feeling fearless and as though they are taking creative risks they hadn't taken before - it's because the two parts of their brain that would otherwise prevent them from doing so have significantly reduced activity."

Zweckmäßigkeit des Verhaltens:

(A) zielführende Handlungen

(B) nicht-zielführende Handlungen

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Eine streng rationale Moral oder Wertkunde kann nur sehr bedingt über "gutes Verhalten" Auskunft geben. Allerdings lässt sich rational die "Zweckmäßigkeit", das "Zielführende" oder das "Nicht-Zielführende", von Handlungen erfassen.

Moral:

~ Die Idee des Guten findet sich im menschlichen Bewusstsein;

Lösungen:

(A) die Suche nach der best-möglichen Lösung;

(B) die Suche nach einer Lösung;

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Wenn jemand bestrebt ist, auf allen Lebensgebieten zu optimieren, kann dies rasch zu einer Verkrampfung führen. Häufiger scheint es angebracht, bloß innerhalb bestimmter Aufgabenbereiche nach optimalen Lösungen zu suchen, sich aber auf anderen Gebieten mit (nicht-optimalen) Lösungen zufrieden zu geben.

"In an age of narcissism the centers of culture are populated with larva and lemures, the spooks of unfulfilled genii."

Lewis Hyde

Art:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2018/04/art.html

Ehrgeiz:

Der Ehrgeizige sagt sich in etwa folgendes: "Du zählst nur dann, wenn du in etwas einer der Besten / der Beste bist."

[Kaum brauchbar als Lebenskredo.]

Produktivitätsverkrampfung:

Keine Sonntage;

Der Fund:

"Ich habe etwas Gutes gefunden. Und möchte euch von diesem Fund berichten."

Harold Pinter in a letter to the director of his play The Birthday Party:

"The writing arranged itself with no trouble into dramatic terms. The characters sounded in my ears - it was apparent to me what one would say and what would be the other's response, at any given point. It was apparent to me what they would not, could not, ever, say, whatever one might wish ..."

Books:

Which are some of the very best books you've ever read?

Interesse:

Z.B.:

Das subjektive Erleben/Erlebnis von Objektwert / Informationswert;

The General Factor of Personality and daily social experiences: Evidence for the social effectiveness hypothesis

Dirk H.M.Pelt, Dimitri van der Linden, Curtis S.Dunkel, Marise Ph.Born

P & ID, March 2020

Abstract

Using data from the Berlin diary study (N = 1223), we examined associations between the General Factor of Personality (GFP) and daily social experiences, self-esteem, and mood (positive and negative affect). As predicted, high-(vs. low) GFP individuals reported fewer daily interpersonal conflicts, better relationship quality, and better impressions on others. Also, relationship quality and daily impressions both mediated the relation between the GFP and mood and self-esteem. Multilevel analyses showed that, compared to low-GFP participants, high-GFP participants seemed less disturbed when experiencing conflict. In sum, the results were in line with the notion of the GFP as social effectiveness, with important consequences for people's daily social life and well-being.

Scientific Discoveries:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2019/06/scientific-discoveries.html

Bevorzugungen:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2019/03/bevorzugungen.html

Fakten & Szenen:

Fakten, die sich dem Gedächtnis eingraben;

Szenen, die sich dem Gedächtnis eingraben;

Antwort:

(o) die Geschwindigkeit einer Antwort

(o) die Beschaffenheit einer Antwort

(o) die Gewöhnlichkeit einer Antwort

Das spezielle Etwas:

Das "spezielle Etwas" an einem Mitmenschen. Letztlich das, was wir "Seele" nennen. Bei manchen Mitmenschen ist etwas mehr von diesem "speziellen Etwas" da. Bei manchen etwas weniger.

[Siehe auch: Das gewisse Etwas, small souled men]

Das sprachliche Denken:

Das sprachliche Denken zwingt uns, von der großen Fülle an Details, die wir beachten könnten, viele Details bei Seite zu legen / wegzuwerfen.

Reizüberflutung:

Wenn man sich in einer Situation befindet, in der potentiell alles beachtenswert sein könnte.

Der Alltag als ein Test:

Alltägliche Ereignisse "testen" den Willen und die Leistungsstärke des Denkvermögens.

Oder anders:

Willensstärke/Gewissenhaftigkeit/Selbstkontrolle und Intelligenz machen sich im Umgang mit alltäglichen Ereignissen bemerkbar.

[Siehe auch: everyday life as an intelligence test]

Intelligenz:

~ Intelligente Personen finden sich rasch in kognitiv beanspruchenden Situationen zurecht.

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Intelligenz ermöglicht es uns, den Informationsgehalt von Phänomenen abzubauen:

Es wird rasch eine Bekanntheit mit einem Phänomen hergestellt. Das Phänomen hat nicht mehr weiter beachtet zu werden. Weitere Beobachtung des Phänomens ist kaum mehr informativ.

Selbstvertrauen:

Salopp:

Man sollte es von seinen Fähigkeiten abhängen lassen, ob man einen sicheren oder einen anspruchsvolleren Kurs fährt.

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high self-esteem path: the risky path - in particular risky for lowly skilled people;

Kreative Personen:

Personen, in deren Köpfen sich regelmäßig "gute Ideen" einfinden.

Prospection:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2018/01/prospection.html

Low self-esteem:

Low self-esteem as a strategy;

Ob einer in Beruf und Leben seinen Mann steht, hängt auch damit zusammen, wie wirkungsvoll sein Denkorgan arbeitet.

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Das Zurechtfinden in schwierigen, kognitiv beanspruchenden Situationen;

Misjudgments about individual IQ-levels:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/misjudgments-about-individual-iq-levels.html

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"the teachers usually noted the child’s typical behavior in cognitively demanding situations, whereas mothers more often pointed out exceptional instances of clever behavior."

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How does a person behave in cognitively demanding situations?

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Wie verhält sich eine Person allgemein in kognitiv beanspruchenden Situationen?

The g factor and the "w" factor:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-g-factor-and-w-factor.html

Distribution of facial resemblance in romantic couples suggests both positive and negative assortative processes influence human mate choice

Iris J Holzleitner, Kieran J O’Shea, Vanessa Fasolt, Anthony J Lee, Benedict C Jones & Lisa M DeBruine

Abstract

Previous research suggests that humans show positive assortative mating, i.e. tend to pair up with partners that are similar to themselves in a range of traits, including facial appearance. Facial appearance can function as a cue to genetic similarity and plays a critical role in human mate choice. Evidence for positive assortative mating for facial appearance has largely come from studies showing people can match pictures of couples’ faces at levels greater than chance and that facial photographs of couples are rated to look more similar than those of noncouples. However, interpreting results from matching studies as evidence of positive assortative mating for facial appearance is problematic, since this measure of perceived compatibility does not necessarily reflect actual physical similarity, and may be orthogonal to, or even negatively correlated with, physical similarity. Even if participants are asked to rate facial similarity directly, it remains unclear which, if any, face shape cues contribute to an increased perception of similarity in romantic couples. Here we use a shape-based assessment of facial similarity to show that the median similarity of long-term couples’ face shapes is only slightly greater than that of an age-matched control sample. Moreover, this was driven by the most similar 40% of couples, while the most dissimilar 20% of couples actually showed disassortative mating for face shape when compared to the control sample. These data show that a simple measure of central tendency obscures variability in the extent to which couples display assortative or disassortative mating for face shape. By contrast, a more fine-grained analysis that considers the distribution of variation across couples in the extent to which they resemble each other suggests that both positive and negative assortative processes influence human mate choice

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"The extent to which romantic couples physically resemble each other is a long-standing question with implications for influential theories of mate choice, such as optimal outbreeding theory. Optimal outbreeding theory acknowledges that mating with closely-related individuals can have a large negative effect on reproductive fitness (i.e., results in less viable offspring), but emphasizes that excessive outbreeding (mating with highly genetically dissimilar individuals), too, can have a negative effect on reproductive fitness. Consequently, while folk psychology theories predict that romantic couples will physically resemble each other, optimal outbreeding theory predicts that both assortative and disassortative processes may influence human mate choice."

Pessimismus:

Überspitzt: Pessimismus ist letztlich ein Luxus, und man sollte sich manchmal fragen, wie viel Schwarzseherei man sich überhaupt leisten kann.

Steven Pressfield:

"I'm a believer in the muse and I believe that projects come to us almost like assignments and that we have to follow them, or at least that's my theory. I only want to write what I want to write. Not everybody does that. A lot of people like to write for hire, but in that case, again, not only can't we control our level of talent, I believe, but we can't even control what we're gonna work on. I've always said that the books that I've written, I never knew I was gonna write them before I wrote them."

Repression:

Randolph M. Nesse:

"I suspect that keeping some desires out of consciousness is a major function of repression. We can get only a fraction of what we want. Gaps between what we have and what we want generate envy, anxiety, anger, and dissatisfaction. Keeping unsatisfiable desires out of consciousness not only avoids mental suffering, it also allows us to focus on projects that are possible, instead of ruminating about those that are not."

Randolph M. Nesse:

"I recall one professor who started an antidepressant in the spring and experienced an excellent remission from moderately severe depression. She returned in the fall to report that the stress of teaching was no longer a problem. In December, she returned to report that her mood was still fine, but she was in danger of losing her job. She had become so free from concern that she had not graded any student papers or exams all term. She decided to stop her medication."

Low latent inhibition:

"With low latent inhibition, an individual almost treats familiar stimuli in the same manner as they would new stimuli."

[Source]

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~ Wenn ein Gehirn "vertraute Gegenstände" in etwa so behandelt, als ob keine Vertrautheit mit ihnen bestehen würde.

"Der 'Ort', von dem die guten Ideen herkommen;"

Low latent inhibition, working memory:

"It looks like in order to handle the excess sensory input of low latent inhibition it's really useful to have very high IQ and high working memory[.] It seems probable that if you are prone to be overwhelmed by sensory information that you need the cognitive capacity to handle that and also perhaps ... the personality/ability to sort through that critically. So you don't end up overwhelmed."

Jordan Peterson

Steckenpferde:

Sich jeden Tag auch dem widmen zu wollen, wofür ein maximales Interesse besteht.

Erkunden und sich Vertiefen:

Salopp:

Vorerst muss man einiges, nicht weniges, kennen lernen, um etwas kennen zu lernen, für das ein echtes, tiefes Interesse besteht.

"As evolutionary psychologist David Buss points out, women can normally land a more attractive partner if they offer sex without commitment, whereas man can land a more attractive partner if they offer commitment as well."

Steve Stewart-Williams

"Frank Harris was only exaggerating a little when he observed that, 'A man without ambition is like a woman without beauty.' "

Steve Stewart-Williams

Ambition/Zeal & Exceptional Achievement:

The g factor, 1998, Arthur Jensen:

"The sine qua non of truly exceptional achievement, or greatness, in any field is an extraordinary level of ambition and zeal in one's endeavors. It is the opposite of a lackadaisical attitude toward one's work. Zeal is probably what makes possible the enormous amount of diligent practice in one's pursuit without which a world-class level of performance is simply not possible. The extraordinary level of virtuoso skill seen in great musicians, Olympic athletes, world-class mathematicians, chess champions, and top-level surgeons, for example, owes at least as much to their many years of disciplined study and practice as to their inborn talent. Their talent, in fact, might actually consist in large part of their unusual drive and capacity for assiduous persistence in developing their specialized skills over many years. Ten years seems to be about the minimum amount of 'practice time' needed for attaining a high level of expertise in one's vocation, even for famous geniuses. Ambition seems to consist of a high level of goal-directed drive, persisting in the face of difficulties and obstacles. It is possessed to an extraordinary degree by the world's greatest achievers. The personal sources of the immense ambition that overrides all obstacles are scarcely understood and, as yet, have not been very much studied by psychologists. Dean Simonton, the leading contemporary researcher on the origins of high-level achievement, has remarked that the source of the exceptional level of drive and ambition evinced by the most illustrious achievers in history is still one of the great mysteries of psychology. Psychologists often speak of 'achievement motivation', but this simply names the phenomenon without explaining it. The topic is crying out for scientific research."

Aiming too low:

"Icarus was also warned not to fly too low because seawater would ruin the lift in his wings – but low-flying, says Godin, is even worse as it feels deceptively safe."

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~ you will loose if you aim too high & you will loose if you aim too low;

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aiming too low as a losing strategy that feels safe;

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Halt dein Rößlein nur im Zügel,
kommst ja doch nicht allzuweit.
Hinter jedem neuen Hügel
dehnt sich die Unendlichkeit.

Wilhelm Busch

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[Siehe auch: Übermut]

Das "Konsumenten-Leben":

Ein Leben führen, dessen Höhepunkte exklusive Zeitspannen des Konsumierens darstellen;

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Manche Personen fühlen sich bei der Führung eines reinen "Konsumenten-Lebens" recht wohl. Anderen erscheint solch eine Lebensgestaltung kaum erstrebenswert oder aushaltbar.

Well-being:

Trotz dem Vorhandensein von Störgrößen, trotz Hindernissen und Schwierigkeiten, intakt sein und intakt bleiben.

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Der "intakte Mensch", die innerlich unverwüstete, lebendige Person, als Ideal einer Kultur;

Have a thing:

Robin Hanson:

http://www.overcomingbias.com/2019/01/have-a-thing.html

Robin Hanson:

>Actually most interesting people I've ever known cared more @ learning than acing tests. But most all the "successful" people I've known are the opposite. <

Robin Hanson:

"I tend to disagree with most people about who are the best speakers and writers. Most people prefer those with lots of interesting tidbits; I prefer those that stay focused on and deliver a key interesting point."

Decision-making around risk:

"confidence is part of our genetic makeup; it evolved over thousands of generations as a mental tool to guide our decision-making around risk."

Geoffrey Miller

[See also: The role of shame and self-esteem in risk taking by Daniel Fessler, 2001]

Risiko und Höhe des möglichen Gewinns:

"[M]an [wird] angesichts der Ungewissheit einen bestimmten Einsatz vernünftigerweise dann riskieren ..., wenn der Gewinn ... entsprechend hoch ist."

Peter R. Hofstätter

Kuhn and Galison - new tools versus new concepts:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2019/01/kuhn-and-galison.html

"[gequälte] Bemühungen um eine absolute Sicherheit, die in einer bloß nach Wahrscheinlichkeitsgraden fassbaren Welt schlechthin keinen Platz hat."

Peter R. Hofstätter

Work:

The ideal case: doing work that matters on a daily basis.

1,000 True Fans

https://kk.org/thetechnium/1000-true-fans/

"One thing I haven't explored in 25 years of making books is creating the big fat significant book, the one that sits on the counter or the end table and gets read now and then–for years. I still remember the art books my mom used to keep throughout our house growing up. Some of them took me literally a decade to get through, but I'm glad I did."

Seth Godin

"no one exists in a universe with no pushback or risk."

Seth Godin

Crystal cave:

[via Massimo]

Average is over, Tyler Cowen:

"There is no high morale without exclusion, no integrity without exclusion, and no corporate culture without exclusion. If the management styles at today's quality companies seem so nice, so friendly, and sometimes so downright heartwarming, it is possible only because those cultures are so very picky, snobbish, and elitist at the same time. There is no open door.

Basically what's happening is that a lot of jobs are becoming more like Google - you have to meet a certain grade or you are out[.]"

The surprising power of the long game:

http://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2019/01/the-surprising-power-of-long-game.html

finding value:

e.g. spotting the value of some information;

"Absolute Redundanz":

Der Fehlbetrag der Unsicherheit gegenüber der maximalen Unsicherheit.

Conversational Topics - Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness:

Jordan Peterson:

"when I have an agreeable person in my clinical practice, because what happens when they come in is that they instantly start to talk about relationships. So they'll lay out their biography ... A conscientious person will talk about the things they have to do and the things they've done over their life and an open person will say, well, here's the things I'm really interested in, you know, but an agreeable person will say well, from ... 1980 to 1987 I went out with this person and then I had a relationship with this person and so they naturally seemed to configure their biographies in terms of dyadic intimate relationships."

The charm of conversation:

"the charm of conversation is in direct proportion to the possibility of abridgment and elision, and in inverse ratio to the need of explicit statement."

William James