My Science - Blog / Mein Naturwissenschaftsblog

Hopefully some interesting bits of information extracted from science and non-fiction literature. (For historical reasons there are some poems scattered throughout this blog.) Sachthemen und Sachtexte. (Historisch finden sich auf diesem Blog auch einige Gedichte und Aphorismen.) [Just collecting some exciting bits of information here.] [Eine Sammlung von interessanten Texten, Fragen und Antworten will das hier sein. Nicht mehr, aber auch nicht weniger.]

Dienstag, 5. Januar 2016

A Meta-analysis of Temperament and Character Dimensions In Patients with Mood Disorders: Comparison to Healthy Controls and Unaffected Siblings

Leonardo Zaninotto, Marco Solmi, Tommaso Toffanin, Nicola Veronese, C. Robert Cloninger, Christoph U. Correll (2016)
Journal of Affective Disorders

Highlights

•: Cloninger's psychological model of personality has been extensively applied to MOOD subjects, yielding inconsistent results.
•: The personality of MOOD patients and SIB seems to be characterized by pessimism and passive avoidant behaviours (high Harm Avoidance), and low confidence in problem solving and low self-esteem (low Self-Directedness).
•: BP subjects seems to be either more extravagant, impulsive and disorderly (high Noverlty Seeking), or more prone to unusual, imaginative and idiosyncratic interpretations to events (high Self-Transcendence) than HS, SIB and MDD.

ABSTRACT

Background

Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality has been extensively applied to subjects affected by mood disorders (MOOD). However, most studies are widely heterogeneous in terms of sample size, methods of assessment, and selection of participants.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of literature and a random effects meta-analysis of studies comparing at least two of the following groups: a) adults with a primary MOOD diagnosis (bipolar disorder (BP) or major depressive disorder (MDD)), b) their unaffected siblings (SIB) or c) healthy subjects (HS), and reporting quantitative results from the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) or the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

Subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were also conducted.

Results

High Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness were consistently associated with MOOD and SIB samples. BP was characterized by higher scores in Novelty Seeking and Self-Transcendence than HS, SIB and MDD. Age seemed to have a negative effect on Novelty Seeking and a positive effect on Harm Avoidance, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. An euthymic mood state was associated with reduced Harm Avoidance, but increased Reward Dependence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness.

Limitations

The quality of the included studies varied and was relatively low. Moreover, publication bias and heterogeneity in the distribution of effect sizes may also have limited our results.

Conclusion

High Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness may be trait markers for MOOD in general, while high Novelty Seeking and high Self-Transcendence may be specific to BP. Future studies are needed to disentangle the state-trait effect of each personality dimension.

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