"All tests discriminate. They would be utterly useless if they did not."

Arthur R. Jensen - Bias in Mental Testing

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" 'Discrimination,' as used here, is a completely neutral term. Discrimination per se is neither good nor bad. It simply means a reliable difference. A reliable difference between individuals is an observed difference (in some behavior, attribute, characteristic, or some measurement or index thereof) that is not merely haphazard or due to chance or to errors of  observation or measurement; it is relatively stable or repeatable from one observation to the next; and there is general agreement as to the difference by all observers. This says nothing whatever about the cause(s) of the difference, or whether it is important, or whether its implications or consequences are good or bad.<