Trust Problems:

Eric Barker:

"So we have a trust problem. A communication problem. In other words, a signaling problem. ... So what's the solution? >Costly signals<."

Jealousy:

Eric Barker:

"Eugene Mathes of Western Illinois University gave unmarried couples a jealousy test and then circled back seven years later. Three quarters of them had broken up, while the other quarter got married. Guess which group had the higher jealousy score? Exactly. ... a touch of jelousy can motivate couples to maintain the relationship."

Lange Bücher:

Ein paar längere Bücher durcharbeiten: Ein paar hundert Seiten lang einem Gedankenfaden folgen. Die Vertiefung in ein langes Buch lässt sich auch Denkübung oder zumindest als Training der Aufmerksamkeit verstehen.

Sexless Marriage:

Eric Barker:

>The number one Google search related to married problems? "Sexless marriage."<

Lesen:

Es gehört mithin zu den am meisten entspannendenTätigkeiten, zu lesen und zu studieren, ein paar Stunden lang. In Bücher einzutauchen, aus Büchern aufzutauchen, nach Lust und Laune, ein paar Stunden lang.

Bookish:

A. fond of books and reading

B. inclined to rely on book knowledge

Beware The Foe Who Feels No Pain

DMT Fessler et al.; Nov 2022

[Source]

Abstract

Pain is a critical internal regulator of current and future behavior. However, pain also constitutes a tactical liability in agonistic interpersonal conflict. Therefore, information about the pain sensitivity of others should play a functional role in assessments of the formidability of prospective foes or allies. Compared to an individual known to be sensitive to pain, an individual known to be insensitive to pain should be assessed as more formidable, as it would be more difficult to deter the latter from aggressing, and more difficult to motivate them to desist should conflict erupt. Further, knowing that a potential antagonist is armed should lead observers to infer relative insensitivity to pain, as the costs of erroneously presuming that an armed individual is sensitive to pain – and thus is both more vulnerable and less likely to aggress – will generally be higher than the costs of erroneously presuming that they are insensitive to pain, and thus are both less vulnerable and more inclined to aggress. Here, we find support for these predictions in three pre-registered studies conducted with U.S. online crowdsource workers (N = 473; N = 204; N = 301). The intimate association between information regarding pain sensitivity and the process of formidability assessment has implications for a variety of pressing social issues, from the use of excessive force by police, to discriminatory racial biases in the provision of medical care.

Generalized tendency to make extreme trait judgements from faces

Atsunobu Suzuki, Saori Tsukamoto and Yusuke Takahashi

Nov 2022

Abstract

People differ in their tendency to infer others' personalities and abilities from their faces. An extreme form of such face-based trait inference (FBTI) is problematic because of its unwarranted impact on real-world decision making. Evolutionary perspectives on FBTI suggest that its inter-individual variation would be trait-specific: e.g. those who make extreme face-based inferences about trustworthiness may not necessarily do so about dominance. However, there are several psychological variables that can increase the FBTI extremity across traits. Here, we show that there is a generalized individual tendency to make extreme FBTI across traits, in support of the latter view. We found that the degrees of extremity of face-based inferences about seven traits had high cross-trait correlations, constituting a general factor. This generalized FBTI extremity had good test–retest reliability and was neither an artefact of extreme nor socially desirable response biases. Moreover, it was positively associated with facial emotion recognition ability and tendencies to believe physiognomy and endorse stereotypes. Our results demonstrate that there are individuals who have a temporally stable disposition to draw extreme conclusions about various traits of others from facial appearance as well as their psychological characteristics.

[Source]

Elevated Psychiatric Risk in Same-Sex Married Individuals: Large-scale Evidence is Consistent with a Substantial Role of Familial Common Causes

Brendan Zietsch (Nov 2022)

Abstract

Xu et al. present a study of practically the whole Swedish-born population over the age of 25, in which they report an elevated risk in same-sex (compared to opposite-sex) married individuals of depression, substance abuse, and attempted or completed suicide. This elevated psychiatric risk is substantially reduced when same-sex married individuals are compared with their opposite-sex married siblings, which is consistent with a substantial role of familial (e.g., genetic and shared environmental) common causes of both same-sex orientation and psychiatric risk. I discuss the study’s strengths, including its huge, comprehensive sample and its use of objective measures, which avoid some of the potential biases in other studies. I also discuss the study’s limitations and argue that the authors misinterpret the role of shared familial influences as accounting for a “small proportion (less than 20%)” of the elevated psychiatric risk in same-sex married individuals. The proportion shown by their results is much larger than the authors report, and even these larger values are best understood as lower bounds in terms of what could be accounted for by familial common causes. Lastly, I discuss future directions for research aiming to understand elevated psychiatric risk in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

[Source]

-----

"the hazard ratio – i.e. the hazard rate for same-sex married individuals divided by the hazard rate for opposite-sex married individuals – for depression changed from 2.17 to 1.90 in men and 1.71 to 1.43 for women, for substance abuse from 1.90 to 1.57 in men and 2.37 to 2.32 for women, and for attempted or completed suicide from 1.87 to 1.77 in men and 2.29 to 1.95 for women."

Narzissmus:

MSD Manual:

"Patienten mit narzisstischer Persönlichkeitsstörung überschätzen ihre Fähigkeiten und übertreiben ihre Erfolge. Sie denken, sie sind überlegen, einzigartig oder besonders. Ihre Überschätzung ihrer eigenen Werte und Leistungen bedeutet oft eine Unterschätzung des Wertes und der Leistungen anderer."

Bonobo Males:

Frans De Waal:

"male chimps have evolved into opportunistic strategists, endowed by nature with an appropriately aggressive temper and intimidating pysique. They pack enormous muscles, looking coarse and menacing next to bonobo males with their lightweight bodies and more sensitive expressions.

Life in matrifocal societis has, therefore, created a different kind of male. There is nothing wrong with the bonobo male, even though most men would not want to be like him. He lacks the sort of control over his own destiny that males of their nearest relatives, humans and chimpanzees, claim as their birthright."

Charles Darwin über den Moralsinn:

 "Als moralisches Wesen bezeichnet man ein solches, welches fähig ist, seine früheren Handlungen und deren Motive zu überlegen, dabei die einen gutheißend, die anderen verwerfend ..."

A new look at the relations between attachment and intelligence

November 2022
Marco Del Giudice and John D. Haltigan

link

Abstract

In this paper we offer a new perspective on the relations between attachment and intelligence, a topic that has received relatively little attention in the recent decades of attachment research. Based on a review of relevant empirical work, a reanalysis of published data, and novel theoretical arguments, we advance a revised model of attachment and intelligence that challenges a number of widespread assumptions in the field. Specifically, we argue that attachment in infancy and childhood is influenced by general intelligence (with lower cognitive ability in ambivalent and disorganized categories compared with secure and avoidant ones), and that attachment states of mind in adulthood show a parallel pattern (with lower cognitive ability in preoccupied and unresolved/unclassifiable categories). The partially genetic correlation between parent and child intelligence gives rise to a previously unrecognized causal pathway linking parents' states of mind to children's attachment; parental intelligence also predicts aspects of sensitivity and mentalizing, and thus exerts an additional indirect influence on children's attachment. Our revised model suggests that intelligence likely contributes to the "transmission gap" between parental state of mind and child attachment; it also offers a novel (partial) explanation of the increased levels of parent-child concordance observed in older children.

Physiker:

Nehmen wir einmal an, Eysenck hatte diese Aussage damals gar nicht überspitzt:

https://meinnaturwissenschaftsblog.blogspot.com/2018/03/physicists-and-astronomers.html

Worauf wird sich dann die Aussage gegründet haben? Auf die Beobachtung von außergewöhnlicher Interessiertheit? Denkfähigkeit? Von umfassendem, tiefgreifendem Wissen?

Mutual Mate Choice in Humans:

David M. Buss:

"Darwin described intrasexual competition as the primary province of males and preferential mate choice as the primary province of females. Unlike many species, however, humans display mutual mate choice and both sexes compete intensely for desirable mates."

Average Annual U.S. STEM Job Growth:

 Source: https://cs.calvin.edu/images/department/jobs/2028/