Intelligence, Attentional Control and Processing Speed:

>If controlled problem solving is the central competency that defines fluid intelligence, then many of the same cognitive and brain mechanisms that support controlled problem solving should support performance on measures of gF, and this is indeed the case (Duncan et al., 2000; Kane & Engle, 2002). The most important of these cognitive systems is working memory, specifically the ability to explicitly amd consciously represent information patterns, manipulate these patterns in a controlled fashion, and draw inferences about relations among the patterns (Embretson, 1995). There is debate as to the processes that support working memory and that mediate the relation between working memory and performance on measure of gF. The debates have, nonetheless, narrowed the mechanisms to individual differences in the ability to control attention and inhibit irrelevant information from intruding into conscious awareness (Engle, 2002) or (or perhaps and) individual differences in the speed of processing bits of information (Fry & Hals, 2000; Jensen, 1998). The latter would explain the consistent relation between performance on measures of gF and measures that assess the speed and consistency with which information is processed. Basically, high gF scores are associated with faster information processing and more consistency in the speed of executing the same process across time (Deary, 2000; Kranzler & Jensen, 1991; P.A. Vernon et al., 2000). However, performance on these measures also requires controlled attention, and thus the issue of wether atttention, speed of processing, or a combination underlies individual differences in working memory capacity remains to be resolved.<

David C. Geary, The Origin of Mind, 2005

[If attentional control enables the thinking subject to distinguish between highly relevant, average relevant and irrelevant information and to focus its attention only on highly relevant information while the reasoning process, it would seem very plausible that attentional control strongly correlates with intelligence. ... Unfortunately Engle's research tends to ignore the importance of short term memory.]

Thoughts Beyond Words...

Thoughts Beyond Words: When Language Overshadows Insight
J W Schooler, S Ohlsson, K Brooks; 1993

http://einstein.pslc.cs.cmu.edu/research/wiki/images/9/90/Schooleretal.pdf

[Perhaps extensive psychotherapy also shows some kind of an overshadowing effect through making some aspects of life too explicit - so to say the "extensive psychotherapy overshadowing effect".

see also: Skimming the Surface, Lane and Schooler, 2004; http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/research/meta/publications/Brett/Schooler's%20Publications%20copy/16.pdf - sometimes it makes sense to let the implicit stay implicit.]

Working Memory:

>Working memory is the ability to explicitly form and maintain mental representations of information (e.g., a visual image, a word) and to manipulate these representations.<

David C. Geary; Male, Female; 2010

[Working memory and IQ are two sides of the same coin.]

Sex Differences in Psychological Abilities / Sex Differences in Emotion Judgments:

>Girls and women were more accurate than boys and men when judging emotion cues on the basis of facial expressions, body posture, and vocal intonation (Rosenthal et al., 1979); These sex differences were found in all nations in which three or more samples were obtained - Australia, Canada, the United States, Israel and New Guinea - and were of the same general magnitude in all of these nations (J.A. Hall, 1984). J.A. Hall concluded that the advantage of girls and women in the decoding of nonverbal messages "is most pronounced for facial cues, less pronounced for body cues, and least pronounced for vocal cues". When all nonverbal cues were provided - offering a more accurate assessment of nonverbal decoding skills in the real world - about 17 out of 20 girls and women were more accurate at decoding the emotion cues of another individual than was the average same-age boy or man (J.A. Hall, 1978).< [This is roughly the effect size of the sex difference on the people-things dimension.]

David C. Geary; Male, Female - The Evolution of Human Sex Differences; 2010

Der Faktor 'Nachdenklichkeit':

>Intellektuelle Fähigkeiten sind im Big-Five-Modell durch den fünften Faktor repräsentiert, der oft als Intellekt bezeichnet wird. Faktorenanalysen der Items dieses sehr breiten Faktors ergeben meist 2-3 Faktoren, nämlich Kreativität, Intelligenz und Nachdenklichkeit. Intelligenz und Kreativität entsprechen gut untersuchten psychologischen Konstrukten gleichen Namens; der Faktor Nachdenklichkeit wurde bisher kaum untersucht.<

Jens Asendorpf & Franz Neyer, Psychologie der Persönlichkeit, 2012

What does an IQ-test measure?

The speed of understanding and the effectiveness of thinking. (roughly spoken)

[An IQ-test measures the relative effectiveness of explicit information processing. Clever persons have large working memories and possess the ability to manipulate information very effectively.]

Mammals & Affects:

>The BrainMind is clearly an evolutionary layered organ, grounded on affects, where major passages are still evident in brain organization - the more ancient functions are concentrated in lower and more medial brain regions, and the more recent ones are in higher and more lateral regions. Within an evolutionary framework, animal brain research can provide most profound guidance in understanding the foundations of human feelings. Indeed, with such work, we may eventually come to understand how much human affective experiences arise from mammalian brain dynamics. This is not to suggest that animals develop the sophisticated cognitive-affective sentiments of humans, nor do they ruminate about their misfortunes the way we do, but we should come to recognize that the primary process affects, genetically built into animal BrainMinds in their raw form, are not all that different from the ones that come to guide the affective proclivities of human brains. Sadly, the seemingly endless conceptual debates in human psychology and philosophy often drown out the empirical signals that neuro-evolutionarily sensitive animal research has long provided: All mammals are intensely affective creatures.<

Jaak Panksepp and Lucy Biven, THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF MIND, Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotions, 2012
[Emotions are not luxuries. For mammals emotions are indispensable to survive and reproduce successfully.]