Atkins (2014) comes to several conclusions in his comparative review:
- When viewing a person suffering physical pain, British subjects report greater negative affect than do East Asian subjects.
- When viewing a person suffering social pain, British subjects show greater empathic concern but lower empathic accuracy than do East Asian subjects.
- British subjects report greater empathic concern, but lower empathic accuracy than do Chinese subjects. Emotional expressivity predicts British but not Chinese empathic concern.
- Empathic concern explains differences between the two groups in donating, a measure of prosocial behavior.
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